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"8")QtDKɒ|ZRvIsmsRaz^vI|R^|eC'sdv|vvvd_\tjTSi9lSC_BB+7 +;Q{Dx~g|}~owvowuIzR]vJ'vusl||Gs\]>T76yTT9LB9P+7 -QD~gc|ʀ~~xfs{nuaa_|v^EL{7CSM7MMQvyBS]Y{y{{\\BzvvyzCiTBB7B7iQY~g|𚐚ossoj7\+M9MT* i *\S*M;M )-);NN7C{yi*pB9* Styf~gc|bbc~honvv7Dq_T\y\{v{9 \yBi7M++)Syv;_CSi_B\Dq9DyB*B0tY~Tҹ}~xmxrW6NEF;;87)CCS++"i +\D\v{vy{2WiB + *;{yɋI}IIZRIuImPUese.PVj"pzxxZZZun K} gʜ}cgbҙɓ  ʹ1ɏ}K}}ŹɹɆɹɌEggg~ffg~xffxwh I(}}}(}bKKcgg~~gg(}Kc~g~~~fx!nZZZnobb}}cc(((}bR}((cggc}(g((gg(KK((}(cK}ccggcbb}gc~g~ccgg(KK((ggbKK(cbb}KbbbK}}Kccc}bKKb(c}b(gg(KҀcc~g(bbK}ccgccK}}cc(K}b bKb}KKbbbb}(KbKb}g9cK}(ccc}Kg}g~cKK}}cbҏ(}b}IKcgcc(cgc~gccggcg~c~fxffx}xcx=xxxxxffxx~g~~~~ɀʍKccgcKKc((}K}g~~~(}}}(K}KKɎbK}Kbbb()}K}}(ɩc}}}bK}b }KbbKbb}KKcc(}KKKbʜ}}bb}}KKbbKK#USDVsWQrxh0Gq:9GtJ3]2\ӴgB>}Š?{{rn:Y{{4+z 9{2[_2rV#>K~@;!@C:\DOCUME~1\Jeanne\MYDOCU~1\MY5771~1\TOV_OC~1\images\TOVBUI~1.GIFC:\Documents and Settings\Jeanne\My Documents\My Webs\TOV_OCT2006\images\tovbuilding.gifi||XQ|m||xiQ|m| `@ ) ($USUS.,    1    _ԀThisfigureisreducedbyanygovernmentalbenefitsorwagecontinuation  paymentsreceivedasaresultoftheinjuryiftheyduplicatenofaultbenefits.  \\\\)!dxdxXXXX)!dxdx  d(((()!dxdx(.3$ !USUS.,  ****)!dxdx d^^^^)!dxdx dbZa` I&mage <=8C HKKKK)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5&P d deeee)!dxdx&p d Pdgggg)!dxdx&p Pd dijij)!dxdx3+0 d d d3+0 d d dd ddd(d2d#$ P.O.Box429 ($$% TraverseCity,Michigan49685 ) %& Telephone(231)9299700Facsimile(231)9297262 *%' _Website:_Ԁ_tovlaw.com_ +&(  X-(* 0 0<|<  0  _   A     I ThisPamphletisnotasubstituteforalawyer.Itisintendedtohelpyouunderstand b whatyourrightsareandhowtousealawyer.Anydiscussionofthelawwhichisthis H briefmust,ofnecessity,oversimplifymanyissues.Inthisageofcompetitionamong . ~ lawyersandfreeconsultation,thereisnoexcuseforfailingtoconsultalawyerifyou  d havequestions.Justbesuretheconsultationis,infact,free.  J Mostattorneysspecialize.UnderrulesestablishedbytheSupremeCourtof    Michigan,personalinjurycasesarefrequentlyhandledonaonethirdcontingentfee    basis.Thismeansthattheattorneyfeeyoupaydependsontheamountyourecover.   Theycanalsobemanagedonanhourlyfeebasisinappropriatecases.Besurethe x  lawyeryoucontactspecializesinthisareaoflaw. ^   -n(- ЇCONTENTS0 A 0 A (#A (#0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#PAGE(#(# AsaMotorist,WhatareMy0 I 0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#2b(#(# InsuranceNeeds? H WhichofMyLossesMustMy0 I 0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(# d(#(# InsuranceCompanyCover?0 I 0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#3 J(#(# WhatAbouttheDamagetoMyCar?0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#4  (#(# CanIRecoverforMedicalExpenses?0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#5 (#(# WhatOtherDamagesCanIRecover0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#^ (#(# ifImHurt?0 A 0 A (#A (#0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#6D (#(# WhenistheOtherDriverResponsible?0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#7`(#(# WhatifIam,orthePersonDriving , MyCaris,PartiallyatFault?0 I 0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#8(#(# HowLongCanIWaitbefore  TakingAction?0 0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#9t(#(# WhatifImHitbyaCar,butImnot0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#@(#(# inaMotorVehicle?0 0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#10&v(#(# WhatifIminanAccidentWhile I      Q      Y  B ImontheJob?0 0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#11((#(# WhatCanIdoAboutDrunks,Trains,  LooseAnimals,BadRoadsandOther   Hazards?0 A 0 A (#A (#0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#12p! (#(# CanICollectLostWagesifIamnot <#" CurrentlyWorking?0 0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#13"$r#(#(# WhatiftheOtherDriverisfromOut %>!% ofStateorUninsured?0  0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#13&$"&(#(# WhatiftheInsuranceCompanydoesnot (#( PayPIPor FirstPartyBenefits?0  0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#14)$)(#(# WhatdoIdoifIHaveBeenInvolved R+&+ inaCarAccident?0 0 (# (#0I(#(#0I(#I(#0(#(#0Q(#(#0Q(#Q(#158,',(#(# Ї  ASAMOTORIST,WHATAREMYINSURANCENEEDS?   Inpurchasingautoinsurance,youshouldtakethefollowingneedsintoaccount:  Ѐ n "3"  32#  1  .3  0    Underthelaw,youmustpurchasenofault personalinjuryprotection T benefits. [Seepage5]Ifyoudonotbuythiscoverage,youwillbe <  responsibleforallofyourownmedicalexpenseseveniftheotherdriverisat " r fault,andyoumaynothavetherighttosuethe atfault. 3 ݌ Z(#(# Ќ  "3"  3 2#  2  .3  0    Ifyourvehiclehasavalueinexcessof$500.00,youshouldpurchasecollision  .  coverage.Again,ifyoudonothavecoverageofyourown,youmaywellhave    noremedyintheeventyourcarisbadlydamagedeventhoughtheother   driverisatfault. 3 M݌ (#(# Ќ  "3"  3+!2#  3  .3  0    Everypersonshouldpurchasebothuninsuredandunderinsuredmotorist d  coverage.[Seepage3]Thiscoveragemaycostaslittleas$20.00peryear, L  andthebenefitaccruesdirectlytoyouandyourfamilyifyouarehurtbya 2 driverwithnoinsuranceoronlyminimalcoverage.Youmayhavetodosome h insuranceshoppingtofindthesetypesofcoverage;somecompanieswillnot N sellit.3+!X!݌4(#(# Ќ  "3"  3#2#  4  .3  0    Currentstatelawrequiresamotoristtocarryonly$20,000.00liability  coverage.Manypoliciesarewrittentoprovidemaximumprotectionofonly  $20,000.00perpersontoamaximumof$40,000.00totalforasingle | occurrence.Thisisinadequatetoprovidefaircompensationtoanyoneyouor b yourvehiclemightseriouslyhurt,and,thus,inadequatetoprotectyourown H individualassets.Youshouldstronglyconsidermaintainingahigherlevelof .~ liabilitycoverage.3# $݌d(#(# Ќ  "3"  3&2#  5  .3  0    Ifyourfamilyhasgoodhealthinsurancecoverage,youmaywishtocoordinate 0 yournofaultcoveragewiththehealthinsurance.Thiscanresultinsignificant  savingsonyourinsurancepremiums.Italsomaycreatea lienissueifyour   employerhasan_ERISA_Ԁhealthplan.3&'݌! (#(# Ќ   t+&+    A     I      Q   WHICHOFMYLOSSESMUSTMYINSURANCECOMPANYCOVER?  | ) Yourowninsurancecompanyusuallymustpayforrepairinganydamagetoyour T vehicle.Thetypeofcollisioncoveragepurchasedwilldeterminetheinsurance :  companysobligationsonthispoint.Aswritten,mostpoliciesarenotadequateto  p replacethecar.  V Yourowncompanymustalsopayallthe firstpartyorPersonalInjuryProtection  "  (PIP)benefits. #  1      ׀Thesebenefitsincludelifetimemedicalandthree(3)yearsoflost    wagesandreplacementserviceexpenses(servicestheinjuredpersonpreformed   aroundthehome,butcannolongerprovide).     Insurancecompaniesusuallyoffertopolicyholdersuninsuredmotoristcoverage.In V  theeventthatyouarehurtbyadriverwhodidnotpurchaseinsurance,uninsured <  motoristcoveragemakesyourcompanyresponsiblefor thirdpartybenefitsaswell.v #  2      ׀ "r Thirdpartybenefitsincludeallnoneconomicandexcesseconomiclossesyoumay X suffer.  >  ManycompaniesinMichiganofferwhatiscalledunderinsuredmotoristcoverage.   Sincedriversareonlyrequiredtopurchase$20,000.00ofinsurancecoverage,there  isfrequentlynotenoughinsurancemoneytofairlycompensateallofthevictimsofa  seriouswreck.($20,000.00wouldnotevenmakeadentinalifetimeoflost l earnings).Bypurchasingunderinsuredmotoristcoverage,youcanboostyourown R thirdpartybenefitcoverageuptoareasonablelevel,regardlessofhowmuch 8 insurancethewrongdoerhad. n Ifyouareinjuredonamotorcycle,allofyourPIPbenefitswillbepaidbytheinsurer : ofthemotorvehicleinvolved.Becausemotorcyclistsarerarelyatfaultbutoften   badlyhurt,theyreceiveuniquetreatmentinMichigansNoFaultscheme.   '#'      A    WHATABOUTTHEDAMAGETOMYCAR?   y3Undermostcircumstances,yourrighttorecoverfordamagetoyourcardependson T yourownautoinsurancecoverage.Eveniftheotherdriveristotallyatfault,youmust :  normallylooktoyourowninsurancecompanytocovertheloss.  p Ifanotherdriveispartiallyatfault,youcanrecoverupto$500.00ofyourdeductible  < fromthatpersoninSmallClaimsCourt.Iftheotherdriverisnotinsured,orifyourcar  "  waslegallyparkedwhenitwasstruck,youmaybeabletorecoverfromtheother    driverallofthedamagetoyourcar.Ifyourcarisdamagedbysomeactivityunrelated   totheuse,ownershipormaintenanceofamotorvehicleorbysomeoneinthe   businessofautorepair, #  1      ׀youmaybeabletorecoverfromthewrongdoer. j  Insurancecontractsgoverningcollisioncoverageareoftenverycomplex;thereforeit 6  isagoodideatoreviewthiscoveragewithyouragentwhenyoupurchasean l insurancepolicy.Thelawpresumesthatyouhavereadyourinsurancecontract,and R youcannot,normally,makeanyclaiminconsistentwiththefineprint.Manyinsurance 8 policiescontainaprovisionthatreducestheamountthatyourcompanymustpayby  theageandmileageofyourcar.Undersomepolicies,anydeductibleiswaivedifthe  policereportindicatesthatyouwerenottheprimarycauseofthecollision.     A     I      Q     Note,also,thattheMichiganSupremeCourtrecentlyruledthataninsuranceagent f normallyowesalmostnodutytoitscustomers:itsonly dutyistotheinsurance L companytosellinsurance.Ifyouarerelyingontheagenttoprovideappropriate 2 coverage,besuretocarefullydocumentinwritingbothyourrequestandthe h obligationassumedbytheagenttoprotectyou. N ЀFinally,dontcashanycheckorsignanyReleasethatsays fullpaymentorimplies  anylossofrights,withouthavingthesituationreviewedbyanexperiencedlawyer.  _   A  _   (#(    CANIRECOVERFORMEDICALEXPENSES?   _=>Inalmosteverysituation,providedyoucomplywithHMOandPPOrules,themedical  expensesyouincurasaresultofacaraccidentshouldbepaidbyaninsurance h company.Theonlyrealexceptionsareexpensesrelatedtoinjuriessustainedbyyou N inacarwhichyouownandhavefailedtoinsure.Thisisalifetimecommitment:as 4  longasyourdoctorrelatesthemedicalexpense(includingambulancecosts,  j prescriptions,therapy,rehabilitation,doctorandhospitalbillsandeventheexpense  P oftransportation)totheaccident,theinsurancecompanymustpayallreasonable  6 charges.    Youarenotresponsibleforthepaymentofanymedicalexpenses,providedyougive   promptnoticeandsueoverunpaidexpensesbeforetheyareoneyearold.Ifyoudo ~  nothaveinsuranceandamemberofyourhouseholddoes,youmayclaimunderthe d  householdpolicy.Ifnomemberofyourhouseholdhasautoinsurance,andyouwere J  notdriving,youshouldlooktotheautoinsuranceofthefollowingpeople,inthe 0  followingorder,forcoverage: f ! ! (Eh83"3"  3nD2Eh  1  .3  0    Theownerofthecaryouwerein;3nDD݌2(#(# Ќ  "3"  3YE2Eh  2  .3  0    Thedriverofthecaryouwerein;3YEE݌(#(# Ќ  3.  Theowner,thenthedriver,ofanyothermotorvehicleinvolvedinthecollision. z Thestatehasestablishedaspecialfundtocovermedicalexpensesofinnocent F victimsofaccidentswherethereisnoinsurance.Aslongasyouwerenotdrivinga ,| motorvehicle,youcanpresentyourmedicalexpensestothisfundforpayment.If b thereisanydoubtaboutwhichinsurancecompanyisresponsible,givewrittennotice H ofyourclaimtoalloftheinsurancecompaniesinvolved. . Thisprovisionofthelawisintendedtocoveralloutofpocketmedicalexpenses  regardlessoffault.Evenifyouwerethesolecauseoftheaccident,youliterally   shouldnotincurapennyofexpenseforrelatedmedicaltreatment,ever.Youmay x!  recovertheseexpensesfrombothyourhealthinsuranceandyourautoinsuranceif `"! youhavenotpreviouslywaivedthisright.YoumustnormallycomplywithHMOrules, F#" eventoseekpaymentbytheautoinsurer. ,$|# Recently,insurancecompanieshavebeguntofightwithhealthcareprovidesabout %H!% thereasonablenessofbillings.Unfortunately,theCourtshavedeterminedthatin &."& somecasesthepatienthasnorighttointerveneinthesepaymentdisputes. '#' Akeycomponentofmedicalexpensesmaybeattendantcare,whichispayableat )$) fullmarketrate.Ifpossible,theseshouldbenegotiatedbeforetheinjuredperson v*%* leavesthecarefacilityforhome. \+&+ _ B,',    WHATOTHERDAMAGESCANIRECOVERIFIMHURT?    Evenifyouwerethesolecauseofyouraccident,uptothree(3)yearsoflostwages  and replacementserviceswillbepaidbyyourowninsurance(orthenextinsurance n companylistedonpage5). T You,oryourdependents,areentitledtoreceive85%ofyourgrosswage,including  p allfringebenefits,uptoastatutorymaximumwhichisrevisedannually.6 #  1      ׀Ifyoupay  V lessthan15%ofyourwageintaxes,youcanrecovermorethan85%ofyourwage  < loss.B #  2      ׀Ifyouweretemporarilyunemployedatthetimeofthewreck,youareentitled  "  towagelossequaltoyourlastmonthsearnings.Ifyouremployerreplacesyou    duringthedisabilityperiod,youcancontinuetocollectlostwagesafteryouare   releasedbythedoctor,solongasyouactivelyseekotheremployment.Ifyoureturn   toworkatalowerpayingjob,youcancollectthedifferencebetweenyournewwage j  andyourpreaccidentwageduringthebenefitperiod. P  Incaseofdeath,thevictimsdependentsreceivePIPbenefitsequaltothe tangible l thingsofeconomicvaluetheywouldhavereceived;thismayincluderetirement R income,pensionplanorwagecontinuationpayments,healthinsurancecoverage 8 andothernonwageincome.    ___________________________Replacement_Ԁservicesofupto$20.00perdaywillbepaidforthree(3)yearstocover  theexpenseofhiringsomeonetoperformdomesticservices.Thisprovisionis  particularlyimportantbutobviouslyinadequateiftheinjuredpersonisahomemaker f withchildren.Replacementserviceswillbepaidtocovermowingthelawn,preparing L meals,shovelingsnow,washingdishesandclothes,babysittingchildren,cutting 2 woodoranyotherjobtheinjuredpersondidaroundthehomeandisnowunableto h do. N Further,theseamountsmaybepaidtothespouse,olderchildren,orgrandparentsof  aninjuredperson.Inthecaseofreplacementserviceexpenses,itisessentialthat  thepersonorpersonsprovidingservicessubmitasignedbilltotheinsurance   companyevery30days,itemizingtheservicesperformed. |!  Youmayrecoveradditionalreplacementserviceexpensesfromtheotherdrivers H#" insurancecompany.Thisrightisdiscussedinthefollowingsection. .$~#  %J!% Thedependentsofapersonkilledinamotorvehiclecollisionareentitledtorecover  similarbenefits.Inallcases,itisusefultorationservicesonadailybasis,tostay  withinthe1974$20.00perday cap. |    WHENISTHEOTHERDRIVERRESPONSIBLE?  . ~   Medicalexpenses,wagelossesandreplacementservicesarecalled firstparty  P benefits,becausetheyarenormallypaidbytheinjuredpersonsowninsurance  6 company.Becausefirstpartybenefitsdontprovideacompleterecovery,youmaybe    abletolooktothedriverwhosecarelessnesscausedyourinjuriesforcompensation.    Theseadditionalbenefits,recoverablefromtheotherdriverorhisinsurance,are   called thirdpartybenefits. ~  Adriverisresponsibleforalldamageshecausesifheorshehasnotcarried J  insurance.Ifheorshehasautoinsurance,thenegligentdriverisnotresponsiblefor 0  damagesthatarecoveredbyfirstpartybenefits.Ifthevictimhas excesseconomic f damages(i.e.wagelossordomesticserviceexpensesabove_P.I.P._Ԁlimits)theat L faultislegallyresponsibletopaythem.Inthecaseofnofaultautoinsuranceonly, 2 thecompanyisevenresponsibleforintentionallycausedinjuries.Theatfaultdriver  isresponsiblefor noneconomicdamagesonlyifthevictimsufferedathreshold  injury.Athresholdinjuryincludes:     A     I ! ! (Uh88"3"  3b2Uh  1  .3  0    Anyinjurywhichresultsindeath;3bc݌`(#(# Ќ  "3"  3c2Uh  2  .3  0    Permanentseriousdisfigurement,or;3cc݌,|(#(# Ќ  "3"  3d2Uh  3  .3  0    Theseriousimpairmentofa_body_Ԁfunction.3dd݌H(#(# Ќ  Bylaw,thejuryineachcasemustdecidewhetherathresholdinjuryhasoccurred.# #  1      ׀  Ifyoubelieveyouhaveathresholdinjury,youshouldtalktoalawyer.  Thedriveratfault,orhisinsurancecompany,isobligatedtocompensatethevictim v!  foranyreasonablelossthevictimhassufferedbeyond firstpartybenefits.This \"! includeslostwagesoverthestatutorymaximumorafterthree(3)years,replacement B#" servicesafterthree(3)yearsorover$20.00perday,andanumberofnoneconomic ($x# lossesincludingcompensationforpainandsufferingorembarrassmentand %^ $ humiliation.Inotherwords,itincludesalldamagesnotpaidbytheinjuredpersons %D!% owninsurance.Theestateofapersonkilledinawreckcanrecovertheeconomic &*"& lossesofthedependentsandalsofaircompensationforthelossofsocietyand '#' companionshipsufferedbythesurvivors.Similarly,thespouseorchildrenofa (#( _personsufferingathresholdinjurymayrecoverforthenoneconomicdamagetothe  familyrelationship.  Aninjuryvictimdrivinganuninsuredvehiclemaybedeniedtherighttocollectany b noneconomicdamages,evenifheiscatastrophicallyinjuredbyadrunkwhois H completelyatfault!Youmustkeepyourvehicleinsured. . ~   WHATIFIAM,ORTHEPERSONDRIVINGMYCAR,ISPARTIALLYATFAULT?   0   Faultisirrelevantwhere firstpartyor PIP,benefitsareconcerned,providedthe    victimdidntintentionallycausehisowninjuries.Theonlyquestiontobeconsidered   iswhichinsurancecompanyisresponsible.Withrespectto thirdpartybenefits,you ~  arenotheldresponsibleforadrivingmistakemadebythedriverofyourvehicleas d  longasyoudidnotcontributetothatmistake(forexample,bypurchasingalcoholfor J  thedriver.)Asaresult,ifyouareseriouslyinjuredbyadrivingerrorcommittedby 0  yourowndriver,youmaylooktothatpersonsinsurancecompanyforthepaymentof f  thirdpartybenefits. L Youhavearighttorecovercompensationfromyourdriversinsurance,evenifthe  driverisaspouse,aparentorotherrelativeoracoworker.Nofaultinsuranceis  compulsoryanditisintendedtoestablishafundtocompensateinjuredpersons  eveniftheyarefamily. z Ifsomeactofyourowncontributedtocausingyourinjuries,youarestillentitledto F recoverfortheshareofyourinjuriescausedbyanotherpersonserror.InMichigan, ,| wehavewhatiscalledmodifiedcomparativenegligence.Thismeansthatifyouare b 25%responsibleforawreck,butanotherdriveris75%responsible,youcanrecover H 75%ofyourtotaldamagesfromtheotherdriver.Ontheotherhand,ifyouaremore . than50%atfaultyoucannotrecoveranynoneconomicdamages.  Someactions,suchasthefailuretorenewyourdriverslicense,maynotbetaken   intoaccountwhenfaultisallocatediftheydidnotcontributetothecollisionor x!  resultingdamages.UnderMichiganlaw,thefailuretouseyourseatbeltresultsinan ^"! automaticassessmentof5%contributorynegligence;,ifyourclaimisagainstanother D#" driver. *$z#    _ @,', HOWLONGCANIWAITBEFORETAKINGACTION?     Thelawencouragespromptresolutionofnofaultclaims.Asaresult,thereareshort  timeperiodswithinwhichaninjuredpersonmustact;thefailuretoactwithinthe h propertimeperiodresultsinacompletewaiverofrights.Thesetimeperiodsare P calledstatutesoflimitations. 8  Youmustgivepromptnoticeofyourlossestoyourinsurancecompany.The  T insurancecompanyisnotobligatedtomakepaymentofanyclaimofexpenseuntil  : thirty(30)daysafterithasreceivedreasonableverificationoftheclaimorexpense.    Ifanyfirstpartybenefitsarenotpromptlypaidyoumustactuallyfilesuitagainstthe    insurancecompanywithinoneyearofincurringtheunpaidexpense.Failuretofile   suitextinguishestheclaim.Therearehorrorstoriesaboutpeoplenegotiatingwith   insurancecompaniesuntilthedeadlinepasses,onlytohavetheclaimtotallybarred l  bytime. R  Youhavethreeyearsinwhichtofilesuitagainstanegligentdriverforthirdparty n benefits.Ifadefectiveroadoranintoxicateddrivercontributedtothewreck,you V mustactmorequicklytopreserveyourrights.Ineachsituation,evidencemustbe < preserved,witnesseslocatedandwrongdoersidentified.Youshouldnotdelaytaking " actionuntilthelastmoment.  Pursuanttorecentdecisions,childrenandmentallyincompetentpersonsarebound  bysomeoftheabovetimedeadlines,despitetheirinabilitytoprotectthemselves. j Theydonothaveoneyearafterreachingtheageofmajorityorbecomingcompetent P toact.Fortheirbenefit,suitmustbefiledbyaguardianorNextFriend. 6 Therearealso noticeprovisionswhichrequirethatallegedlyresponsiblepersonsor R entitiesreceivenoticeofyourpotentialclaim.Thesenoticeprovisionsmaybeas 8 shortas60to120daysaftertheincident.    b+&+   WHATIFIMHITBYACAR,BUTIMNOTINAMOTORVEHICLE?     TheNoFaultActprotectseverypersonwhoisinjured,providedamotorvehicle  playedsomeroleincausingtheinjury.Motorcyclesandsnowmobilesarenot n includedinthedefinitionofmotorvehicles;however,virtuallyanyothermotorized T vehiclewithfourormorewheelswhichiseitheroperatedontheroadordesignedfor :  operationontheroadisincluded.  p Pedestrians,bicyclists,snowmobilers,equestriansandanyoneelsenotinamotor  < vehiclewhoishurtbyamotorvehiclemustlookfirsttohisorherownfamilynofault  "  insurancecoverageforfirstpartycoverage,followedbytheremainingsourceslisted    onPage5.MotorcyclistsreceivePIPbenefitsfromthe_insuer_Ԁofthevehicleinvolved.   Theclearestcauseoftheinjuryneednotbeamotorvehiclecollision,provideda j  motorvehicleplayedsomeroleincausingtheinjury.Ifyousufferinjurywhile P  entering,leaving,loading,unloadingorservicingamotorvehicle,theNoFaultAct 8  mayprovideinsurancecoveragedependingonseveralfactors,includingwhether n youare touchingthecar,whetherworkerscompappliesandwhetherthe T automobileplayedonlyan incidentalrole.Ifaheartattackorotherepisodeof : illnessresultsinacaraccident,firstpartybenefitsmaybepayableiffurtherinjury   results.  Asdescribedpreviously,therulesforoperatorsofmotorcyclesareunique.     +'+ _WHATIFIMINANACCIDENTWHILEIMONTHEJOB?    Motorvehiclecollisionswhichoccurduringemploymenthoursbringintoplayboth  theNoFaultActandworkerscompensation.Thebenefitsrecoveredundereach n systemareverysimilar,andtheinjuredworkercannotrecoverduplicatebenefits T frombothinsurancecompanies.Itisessentialtothoroughlyinvestigateeach :  potentialsourceofbenefits,however,sincevariationsinthetwosystemscanresults  p inlargediscrepanciesinthebenefitspayable,andonemaysupplementtheother.  V Theworkerscompensationinsurancecompanymayhavealienonanybenefits  "  recoveredfromawrongdoer,however,thislienusuallydoesnotapplytomotor    vehiclecollisioninjuries.Thecompcarrierlosesthisrighttorecover firstpartytype   benefitsifthewrongdoerisamotorist,becausetheinsurancecompanynormally   hasnolienon thirdpartybenefitstorepay firstpartybenefits.Theinjuredvictim j  neednotrepaytheworkerscompensationinsurancecompanyoutofhisorher P  recoveryofnoneconomiclossesandexcesseconomiclosses.Theworkers 6  compensationinsureristreatedexactlyasanofaultinsurancecompanypayingfirst l partybenefitswouldbetreated.Wheneversuchalienisclaimed,youmustcontact R anattorneyimmediately. 8 Oftenyoumusteducateeithertheworkerscompensationadjuster,orthenofault  adjuster,toincludesupplementalbenefitswherebothcompensationsystemsapply.   D,',    WHATCANIDOABOUTDRUNKS,TRAINS,LOOSEANIMALS,  BADROADANDOTHERHAZARDS?     Therearethreemaincontributorstoautomobileinjuries:   :  0   1.Driversorotherpeoplewhocontributetodriverfaultsuchasbartenderswho  < servetoomuchalcoholoremployerswhoarecarelessaboutvehicle  $  maintenanceoremployeeworkinghours; (#(# ! ! $(eh882.Vehicleswhicharenotproperlydesigned,manufacturedormaintained;and   3.Roadways,duetoimproperdesignorinadequatemaintenance. T  Wheneverawrongdoersresponsibilityforaninjuryordeatharisesfromsome "r activityotherthanownership,maintenanceoruseofamotorvehicle,thewrongdoer X remainsliableforalldamages.Thevictimcanstillrecoverfirstpartybenefitsfromhis > insurer,buttheinsurermaynowhavealienonsomeelementsofthecompensation $ receivedfroma thirdparty.   Liabilityforanyinjurycausedbysomeactivityotherthantheuseofamotorvehicleis  governedbysubstantiallydifferentlegalrules.Thestatuteoflimitationsmayresultin l lesstimetobringaction,and itmaybeessentialthatthevictimnotsettlehisor R herclaimagainstanyotherwrongdoer. Injuriescausedbyadrunkdriverarea > goodexample.Anypersonwhoprovidedalcoholtosomeonealreadyvisibly *z intoxicated,ortoaminor,isresponsibleforthedamagescausedbythatperson. ` Actionmustbetakenwithintwoyearsofsuchanaccident,andthedrunkdrivermust F beapartytothelegalaction.Inaddition,thebarmustbenotifiedoftheclaimwithin . amatterofmonths.  Wheninjuriesarecaused,inparty,byadefectiveroad,theRoadCommissionorthe !  StateHighwayDepartmentmustbenotifiedimmediatelyoftheinjuredpersonsbelief x"! thataproblemwiththeroadmayhavecontributedtotheaccident.Anyroadwhichis ^#" notreasonablysafebecauseofmistakesinmaintenancewillmaketheresponsible D$# roadauthorityliableforresultinginjuries.Tortreformsjudgeshaveattemptedtolimit *%z $ thisdutytotheroadbed,eliminatingroadauthorityliabilityfortrafficcontrolsigns, &`!% shoulders,obstaclesintherightofwayanddesignissues. &F"&  t+&+ Ї  CANICOLLECTLOSTWAGESIFIAMNOTCURRENTLYWORKING? |   TheNoFaultActnormallyrequiresyourinsurancecompanytopaylostwagesonly T forworkyou wouldhaveperformedbutfortheinjury.Asaresult,thelossofthe :  capacitytoworkisnotusuallycompensatedasafirstpartybenefit,unlessitresults  p inanactuallossofearnings.Thereisoneexceptiontothisrule:Anyonewhois  V   temporarily unemployedatthetimeoftheinjurymayhavetherighttocollectwage  < lossbenefitsbaseduponhisorherlastmonthoffulltimeemployment.  (  Itisclearthatlaidofforstrikingworkerscancollectwagelossbenefitsduringtheir   disabilityperiod:thelegislaturespecificallymentionedthemindefiningtemporary   unemployment.Ontheotherhand,aworkerwhosuffersaseconddisablingillness p  orinjuryprobablycannotcollegewagelossbenefits,becausetheMichiganSupreme V  Courtdoesnotconsidersuchapersontobe temporarilyunemployed. <  Ifyouhaveahistoryofgainfulemployment,orifyouwereactivelyseekingworkat X thetimeyouweredisabledyoumaybeentitledtofirstpartywagelossbenefits.You > shouldmakeaclaimforlostwagesbasedonyourlastfulltimejoboryour $ anticipatedjobandconsultalawyer.   Asofthiswriting,thesurvivorsofatemporarilyunemployedpersonwhoiskilledina  caraccidentcannotcollectlostwagesfromhisorherinsurerbasedonthisprovision. l Becausethereisnologicalreasonforthisdistinction,itispossiblethatthisrulewill R change. 8   WHATIFTHEOTHERDRIVERISFROMOUTOFSTATEORUNINSURED?  @   AnyonewhodrivesinMichigan,orwhoallowshisorhercartobedriveninMichigan,  becomessubjecttotheinsurancelawsofthisstate.Asaresult,nonresidentdrivers   havethesameobligationsandenjoythesameprotectionasaMichiganmotorist. !  Similarly,anyinsurancecompanywhichsellsinsuranceinMichiganmustprovide t"! Michiganinsurancebenefitseveniftheircontractwithanonresidentmotoristwould Z#" notnormallyrequireit.   @$# Uninsuredmotorists,ontheotherhandenjoyfewoftheprotectionsofthelaw.An  &\!% uninsuredmotoristwhonegligentlycausesinjuriesisresponsibleforallmedical &B"& expenses,allpropertydamagesandanyvehicledamage.Usually,suchpeople '(#' cannotpayforthedamagetheycause,though,whichiswhyyoushouldpurchase ($( uninsuredmotoristprotectionforyourfamily. )$)  p+&+    WHATIFTHEINSURANCECOMPANYDOESNOT  PAY FIRSTPARTYBENEFITS?   ۦFirstpartybenefitsareduethirty(30)daysafterwrittenproofofthelossissubmitted T totheinsurancecompany.Inthewayofproof,mostcompaniesrequirethatyou :  submitacopyoftheirclaimform,alongwithappropriatewagestubs,hospitalrecords  p andinvoices,andbillingsfromanyotherprovidedofservices.  V Iftheinsurancecompanydelayspaymentmorethanthirty(30)daysafterreceiving  "  reasonableproofoftheparticularloss,itmayhavetopay12%interestonthe    amountdue.IfaCourtlaterdecidesthattheinsurancecompanywasunreasonable   infailingtomakeadisputedpayment,theCourtcanawardtheinjuredperson   punitiveinterest;itcanalsoordertheinsurancecompanytopaytheinjuredpersons j  attorneyfee. P  Itisessentialtoprovidecompleteproofoflossatanearlydatesothatbenefitsare l notdelayedandinterestbeginstorun.Youshouldnormallykeepacopyofall R recordsprovidedtotheinsurancecompanyalongwithacopyofyourcoverletter 8 listingwhatwasprovidedandwhen.Inthisway,youcanlaterprovethatyoufulfilled  yourobligationtotheinsurancecompany.Rememberthanoneyouhavemadea  claimagainsttheinsurer,youcannotcountonthecompanyoritsemployeestolook  outforyourbestinterests.Youmustprotectyourself.Itisawiseideatohavean  attorneyreviewanysubmissionyoumaketotheinsurancecompany.Thiscanbe f doneonanhourlybasis.Afirmhandlingyourthirdpartyclaimmaybewillingto L reviewthismatteratnochargetoyou. 2 Donotforgetthe oneyearbackrule:iftheinsurerdoesnotmakepromptpayment, N youmustinitiatesuitwithinoneyearofincurringtheexpense,oryourrighttocollect 4 itwillprobablybelostentirely.   D,',   WHATDOIDOIFIHAVEBEENINVOLVEDINACARACCIDENT?     Hereisachecklistofthingstoconsiderifyouareinvolvedinacollision.  "3"  32eh  1  .3  0    Notifythepoliceimmediately.31݌T(#(# Ќ  "3"  32eh  2  .3  0    Notifyyourowninsurancecompany,inwriting,assoonaspossible.3݌ p(#(# Ќ  "3"  32eh  3  .3  0    Usegoodsensewhendiscussingtheaccident.Donotgiveinterviewsor  < statementsexplainingtheaccidentwithoutconsultingalawyer.3&݌ " (#(# Ќ  "3"  3^2eh  4  .3  0    Immediatelyprovideyourowninsurancecompanywithanynecessary   informationtoverifywagelossesandmedicalexpenses.Paymentsaredue   thirty(30)daysafterwrittenproofissubmitted.3^݌j (#(# Ќ  "3"  32eh  5  .3  0    Buyanotebookorreceiptbookoruseyourcomputertokeeptrackof 8  replacementservicesprovidedonadailyorweeklybasis.Again,awritten n verificationofthesebillingsmustbesenttotheinsurancecompany.Keepa T copyforyourrecords.Thebillingsnormallymustbesignedbytheprovider.3A݌:(#(# Ќ  "3"  3C2eh  6  .3  0    Ifyourinsurancecompanydoesnotpromptlyagreetopayfirstpartybenefits,  sendwrittennoticetoeveryotherinsurancecompanyinvolvedinthematter  andcontactalawyer.Bemindfulof oneyearback,especiallywherethere  areauditsordelaysinpaymentorpriority.Saveyour ExplanationofBenefit h forms.3Cp݌N(#(# Ќ  "3"  32eh  7  .3  0    Ifyoumaybechargedwithresponsibilityforsomeoneelsesinjuries, j especiallyifthoseinjuriesmayexceedyourpolicylimits,consultalawyerto P protectyoufromexcessliability.3ں݌6(#(# Ќ  "3"  3[2eh  8  .3  0    Donotattempttonegotiateasettlementonyourownanddontnegotiateany  checkwitharestrictivelegendsuchas fullpayment.Ifyoudo,atleast   consultapersonalinjurylawyertoreviewthetermsofthesettlementonyour ~!  behalfbeforesigninganydocument.Consideranhourlyretention:youhave d"! thatchoice.3[݌J#"(#(# Ќ  "3"  32eh  9  .3  0    Consultalawyertoreviewtheamountoffirstpartybenefitsyouarereceiving. %f $ Alawyershouldprovidethisreviewfornochargeorforaminimalfeeifyour %L!% situationiscomplex.3݌&2"&(#(# Ќ  0   10.  Preserveevidence.Keepthecaroranyfailedpartyandtakephotographsof (#( thesite,thevehicleandanyinjuries.Preservethenamesandaddressesof )$) witnesses.z*%*(#(# _ F,', 0   11.  Inselectingalawyer,besureyouhireafirmthathasexperienceintheareaof  yourneeds.Sincemostfirmsworkforthesamecontingentfeeofonethird,  youcanhirethebestfirmforthesameprice.|(#(# Thispamphletisnotasubstituteforalawyer.Itisintendedtohelpyouunderstand . ~ whatyourrightsare,andhowtousealawyer.Anydiscussionofthelawwhichisthis  d briefmust,ofnecessity,oversimplifymanyissues.Furthermore,thelegislaturehas  J developedthehabitofrevisingtheNoFaultActalmostyearly,andourprintercannot  0 alwayskeepupwiththechanges.Inthisageofcompetitionamountattorneysand    freeconsultation,thereisnoexcuseforfailingtoconsultalawyerifyouhaveany    questions.Justbesuretheconsultationis,infact,free.   Mostattorneysspecialize.UnderrulesestablishedbytheMichiganSupremeCourt, ^  personalinjurycasesarefrequentlyhandledonaonethirdcontingentfreebasis. D  Whenthatarrangementisselected,theattorneyfeeyoupaydependsontheamount *z  ofcompensationyourecover.Besurethelawyeryoucontactspecializesinthisarea ` oflaw. F GeorgeR.Thompson  DanielP._ONeil_ t JohnR._VanderVeen_ Z LawOffices B 309E.FrontSt ( P.O.Box429  TraverseCity,MI49685  Telephone(231)9299700   Facsimile(231)9297262 p!  8006781307 V"! Email:4&'O  5  info@tovlaw.com6+'O?ion  7ns m <#" Website:4d 'O  5  _tovlaw.com_6'Oon  7ti @ "$r#